These rules will count all datagrams with a (Web hosting servers)
These rules will count all datagrams with a source address belonging to one of the department networks and a destination address belonging to the other. Accounting by Service Port Okay, let’s suppose we also want a better idea of exactly what sort of traffic is being carried across our PPP link. We might, for example, want to know how much of the link the FTP, smtp, and World Wide Web services are consuming. A script of rules to enable us to collect this information might look like: #!/bin/sh # Collect FTP, smtp and www volume statistics for data carried on our # PPP link using ipfwadm # ipfwadm -A both -a -W ppp0 -P tcp -S 0/0 ftp ftp-data ipfwadm -A both -a -W ppp0 -P tcp -S 0/0 smtp ipfwadm -A both -a -W ppp0 -P tcp -S 0/0 www or: #!/bin/sh # Collect ftp, smtp and www volume statistics for data carried on our # PPP link using ipchains # ipchains -A input -i ppp0 -p tcp -s 0/0 ftp-data:ftp ipchains -A output -i ppp0 -p tcp -d 0/0 ftp-data:ftp ipchains -A input -i ppp0 -p tcp -s 0/0 smtp ipchains -A output -i ppp0 -p tcp -d 0/0 smtp ipchains -A input -i ppp0 -p tcp -s 0/0 www ipchains -A output -i ppp0 -p tcp -d 0/0 www or: #!/bin/sh # Collect ftp, smtp and www volume statistics for data carried on our # PPP link using iptables. # iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -m tcp -p tcp –sport ftp-data:ftp iptables -A FORWARD -o ppp0 -m tcp -p tcp –dport ftp-data:ftp iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -m tcp -p tcp –sport smtp iptables -A FORWARD -o ppp0 -m tcp -p tcp –dport smtp iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -m tcp -p tcp –sport www iptables -A FORWARD -o ppp0 -m tcp -p tcp –dport www There are a couple of interesting features to this configuration. Firstly, we’ve specified the protocol. When we specify ports in our rules, we must also specify a protocol because TCP and UDP provide separate sets of ports. Since all of these services are TCB-based, we’ve specified it as the protocol. Secondly, we’ve specified the two services ftp and ftp-data in one command. ipfwadm allows you to specify single ports, ranges of ports, or arbitrary lists of ports. The ipchains command allows either single ports or ranges of ports, which is what we’ve used here. The syntax “ftp-data:ftp” means “ports ftp-data (20) through ftp (21),” and is how we encode ranges of ports in both ipchains and iptables. When you have a list of ports in an accounting rule, it means that any data received for any of the ports in the list will cause the data to be added to that entry’s totals. Remembering that the FTP service uses two ports, the command port and the data transfer port, we’ve added them together to total the FTP traffic. Lastly, we’ve specified the source address as “0/0,” which is special notation that matches all addresses and is required by both the ipfwadm and ipchains commands in order to specify ports. We can expand on the second point a little to give us a different view of the data on our link. Let’s now imagine that we class FTP, SMTP, and World Wide Web traffic as essential traffic, and all other traffic as nonessential. If we were interested in seeing the ratio of essential traffic to nonessential traffic, we could do something like: # ipfwadm -A both -a -W ppp0 -P tcp -S 0/0 ftp ftp-data smtp www # ipfwadm -A both -a -W ppp0 -P tcp -S 0/0 1:19 22:24 26:79 81:32767 If you have already examined your /etc/services file, you will see that the second rule covers all ports except (ftp, ftp-data, smtp, and www).