is not really an option. We will therefore (Web hosting mysql)
is not really an option. We will therefore discuss only the NNTP daemon contained in the nntpd package and leave out the client programs. If you wish to run a large news site, you should look at the InterNet News package, or INN, that was written by Rich Salz. It provides both NNTP and UUCP-based news transport. News transport is definitely better than nntpd. We discuss INN in detail in Chapter 23, Internet News. The NNTP Protocol We’ve mentioned two NNTP commands that are key to how news articles are pushed or pulled between servers. Now we’ll look at these in the context of an actual NNTP session to show you how simple the protocol is. For the purposes of our illustration, we’ll use a simple telnet client to connect to an INN-based news server at the Virtual Brewery called news.vbrew.com. The server is running a minimal configuration to keep the examples short. We’ll look at how to complete the configuration of this server in Chapter 23. In our testing we’ll be very careful to generate articles in the junk newsgroup only, to avoid disturbing anyone else. Connecting to the News Server Connecting to the news server is a simple as opening a TCP connection to its NNTP port. When you are connected, you will be greeted with a welcome banner. One of the first commands you might try is help. The response you get generally depends upon whether the server believes you are a remote NNTP server or a news- reader, as there are different command sets required. You can change your operating mode using the mode command; we’ll look at that in a moment: $ telnet news.vbrew.com nntp Trying 172.16.1.1… Connected to localhost. Escape character is ‘^]’. 200 news.vbrew.com InterNetNews server INN 1.7.2 08-Dec-1997 ready help 100 Legal commands authinfo help ihave check takethis list mode xmode quit head stat xbatch xpath xreplic For more information, contact “usenet” at this machine. . The responses to NNTP commands always end with a period (.) on a line by itself. The numbers you see in the output listing are response codes and are used by the server to indicate success or failure of a command. The response codes are described in RFC-977; we’ll talk about the most important ones as we proceed. Pushing a News Article onto a Server We mentioned the IHAVE command when we talked about pushing news articles onto a news server. Let’s now have a look at how the IHAVE command actually works: ihave <123456@gw.vk2ktj.ampr.org>