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JavaScript Programmer’s Reference Error.toString() (Method) Returns a string primitive version of an Error object. Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 Netscape Enterprise Server 2.0 Opera 3.0 Property/method value type: String primitive JavaScript syntax: -myBoolean.toString() The value of the object is converted to a string value that represents its value. The value returned is implementation dependent. See also: Cast operator, Error.prototype, toString() Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.4.4 Escape sequence () (Definition) A means of defining characters that cannot easily be typed on a keyboard. Availability: ECMAScript edition 2 Opera 3.0 The string delimiter characters present problems if you need to include them inside a string. Typically you may want to include a single quote as an apostrophe, as in the contraction of do not to don’t. Or you may want to enclose a spoken comment inside double quotation marks. Because the single and double quotes are generally interchangeable in JavaScript, in most cases the problem is easy to solve. To use ” inside a string, you can do it like this: myString = ‘A man said “hello” to me’; Using a double quote to include single quotes in your string, you might do this: myString = “Don’t do that”;
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E Error.prototype (Property) . Error.message (according to ECMA) . Error.description (according to Microsoft) The following methods are inherited from the Error.prototype: . Error.toString() The example demonstrates how to provide extensions to all instances of this class by adding a function to the prototype object to emulate the ECMA standard message property that is lacking in some implementations. Example code: See also: Error(), Error(), Error.constructor, Error.toString(), prototype property Property attributes: ReadOnly, DontDelete, DontEnum. Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.3.1
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JavaScript Programmer’s Reference Error.number (Property) A property that corresponds to the number argument in the constructor function. Availability: JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: Number primitive JavaScript syntax: -myError.number This is the error number your custom error will be registered under. Unless you change it by assigning a new value to this property, it will contain the value that was passed in the number argument to the constructor function. The number is a 32 bit value consisting of a facility code and an error number. The upper 16 bits is the facility code and the lower 16 bits the error number within that facility. Error.prototype (Property) The prototype for the Error object that can be used to extend the interface for all Error objects. Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 Netscape Enterprise Server 2.0 Opera 3.0 Property/method value type: Error object -Error.prototype JavaScript syntax: -myError.constructor.prototype This is the Error prototype object belonging to the global object and from which all Error objects are descended. The initial value of Error.prototypeis the built-in Error prototype object. The value of the prototype property of an Errorobject is used to initialize child objects when that Error object is used as a constructor. The following properties are inherited from the Error.prototype: . Error.prototype . Error.constructor . Error.name
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E Error.name (Property) A human readable textual description of the custom error is available in this property. You can assign a new value if you wish. Reading the property yields the value that was passed in the description argument to the constructor function unless it has been changed since then. Warnings: . The ECMA standard describes this property as Error.message. Netscape 6.0 claims to be completely compliant and therefore should support this property. . MSIE supports the description property which is functionally identical. Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.4.3 Error.name (Property) The name of an Errorobject can be accessed with this property. myError.name = aString - aString The new name value for the Error object Argument list: The initial value for this property is the string primitive “Error”. The ECMA standard suggests that this property can be assigned with a different name for each instance of the Error object. For native errors that are subclassed from this Error object, the name property will be the name of that object class and will be one of the following: . EvalError . RangeError . ReferenceError . SyntaxError . TypeError . URIError Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.4.2 Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.5 Internet Explorer 5.5 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: String primitive -myError.name JavaScript syntax:
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JavaScript Programmer’s Reference Netscape provides constructors for many objects, virtually all of them in fact, even when it is highly inappropriate to do so. MSIE is far more selective and there are some occasions when you might wish for a constructor that MSIE does not make available. See also: Error.prototype Property attributes: DontEnum. Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.4.1 Error.description (Property) A property that corresponds to the description argument in the constructor function. Availability: JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Property/method value type: String primitive JavaScript syntax: IE myError.description A human readable textual description of the custom error is available in this property. You can assign a new value if you wish. Reading the property yields the value that was passed in the description argument to the constructor function unless it has been changed since then. Warnings: . The ECMA standard describes this property as Error.message. MSIE supports it as the description property. Error.message (Property) A property that corresponds to the message argument in the constructor function. Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.5 Internet Explorer 5.5 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: String primitive JavaScript syntax: -myError.message
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E Error() (Function) Error() (Function) An Error object constructor. Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 -Error() -Error(aNumber) JavaScript syntax: -Error(aNumber, aText) aNumber An error number Argument list: aText A text describing the error When the Error() constructor is called as a function, it creates and initializes a new Error object. The function call Error() is equivalent to the expression new Error() with the same arguments. See also: Error.prototype Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.1 Error.constructor (Property) A reference to a constructor object. Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 Property/method value type: Error object JavaScript syntax: -myError.constructor The initial value of Error.prototype.constructoris the built-in Error() constructor. You can use this as one way of creating Error objects, although it is more appropriate to use the new Error() technique. This property is useful if you have an object that you want to clone, but you don’t know what sort of object it is. Simply access the constructor belonging to the object you have a reference to.
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JavaScript Programmer’s Reference Method JavaScript JScript N IE Opera NES ECMA Notes toString() 1.5 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + 3.0 + 2.0 + 3 + - Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.1.4.9 ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.1 ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.2 Error() (Constructor) An Error object constructor. Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0 -new Error() -new Error(aNumber) JavaScript syntax: -new Error(aNumber, aText) aNumber An error number Argument list: aText A text describing the error The Error() constructor can be called with the newoperator or as a function. The initial value of Error.prototype.constructoris the built-in Error() constructor. The two arguments supplied to the Error() constructor describe the error number and a textual description. They are all optional. A prototype property is automatically created in case the Error object is used as a constructor at some future time. See also: Constructor function, constructor property, Error.prototype Cross-references: ECMA 262 edition 3 section 15.11.2
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E Error object (Object/core) -myError = new Error() -myError = new Error(aNumber) JavaScript syntax: -myError = new Error(aNumber, aText) aNumber An error number Argument list: aText A text describing the error Object properties: constructor, description, message, name, number, prototype Object methods: toString() This object is provided to create custom error codes for your application. The ECMA standard (edition 3) describes them as objects that are thrown as exceptions when a run-time error occurs. These objects are passed as the first argument of the catch() function in a try … catch structure where you can inspect them and deal with the error. Example code: // Force an error condition myError = new Error(100, “My user defined error text”) try { throw myError; } catch(anErr) { confirm(anErr.description); } finally { alert(”Sorted”); } See also: Property JavaScript JScript N IE Opera NES ECMA Notes constructor 1.5 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + 3 + DontEnum. description 5.0 + 5.0 + Warning message 1.5 + 5.5 + 6.0 + 5.5 + 3 + Warning name 1.5 + 5.5 + 6.0 + 5.5 + 3 + - number 1.5 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + - prototype 1.5 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + 3.0 + 2.0 + 3 + ReadOnly, DontDelete, DontEnum. catch( … ), EvalError object, RangeError object, ReferenceError object, SyntaxError object, throw, try … catch … finally, TypeError object, URIError object
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JavaScript Programmer’s Reference Error handling (Definition) A mechanism for dealing with errors. Error handling in compiled languages happens in two stages. First, compile time messages tell you about syntax errors. Secondly, when you run the application, you get run-time errors. These are generally semantic problems. JavaScript is an interpreted language and as such compilation and run-time happen one after the other when the script is executed. Some implementations parse and tokenize the entire script before executing any of it, others may parse and execute a line at a time. If you are handling errors in server-side code, you may be able to make use of the following methods/properties of the Netscape Enterprise Server’s server-side objects. These will tell you about errors that have just occurred: . majorErrorCode() . majorErrorMessage() . minorErrorCode() . minorErrorMessage() The status codes returned by NES database calls imply that you should inspect these error code values when the status code is 5 or 7 (depending on the database type). Warnings: . In an effort to make the Internet more accessible to inexperienced users, you may find some browsers, especially those in TV set-top boxes, handle errors silently. A fatal error in a script may halt the script and indeed stop any others executing on the page. However, the user will not receive any warning that this has happened. This is certainly the case with the WebTV set-top box and may be true of others. See also: Connection.majorErrorCode(), Connection.majorErrorMessage(), Connection.minorErrorCode(), Connection.minorErrorMessage(), Constraint, database.majorErrorCode(), database.majorErrorMessage(), database.minorErrorCode(), database.minorErrorMessage(), DbPool.majorErrorCode(), DbPool.majorErrorMessage(), DbPool.minorErrorCode(), DbPool.minorErrorMessage(), Diagnostic message, Input-output, JellyScript, Script termination, Status code Error object (Object/core) An object that represents a custom error condition. Availability: ECMAScript edition 3 JavaScript 1.5 JScript 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 Netscape 6.0
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E Error handler (Interface) There is an onError event defined as part of the set of events supported by JavaScript. However, as of JavaScript version 1.2, the onError event is actually only supported by Image objects when defined in HTML tag attributes. You can add an error handler to a window object with the onerror property. The tag element allows an error during image loading to be handled gracefully. Attaching an error handler to a window with the window.onerror property allows JavaScript errors to be intercepted. Error events have a slightly different parameter passing API so although they are events, they are slightly different to the rest of the event model. See also: Error handler, Event handler, Event model, onError, Window.onerror Error handler (Interface) Triggered by an error in the JavaScript execution. JavaScript syntax: function anErrorHandler(aMessage, aURL, aLine) The line number where the error occurred The text of the error message An identifier name for the function The URL of the document containing the error Argument list: The script source for the error handler - { someCode }; aLine aMessage anErrorHandl er aURL someCode This is a means of trapping the errors in any script. You can activate an error handler in various ways. Placing this line at the top of your script will trap all errors within that script: self.onerror = function() { return true }; Because the script always returns true, no error dialog will ever be displayed. Here is a pseudo code example of a better technique. function HandleErrors(aMessage, aURL, aLine){ //If we can handle the error with a piece of code return true; //Else we can’t do anything return false;}self.onerror = HandleErrors; An error handler should return true if the host environment can safely ignore the error and false if the environment needs to handle the error as normal. Error, Error events, Semantic event, Window.onerror See also:
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